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AN EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF KSHATAKSHINA, RAJYAKSHMA, KSHATAJ KASA, KSHAYAJ KASA & VATIKA KASA

 AN EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF KSHATAKSHINA, RAJYAKSHMA, KSHATAJ KASA, KSHAYAJ KASA & VATIKA KASA

S. No.

 Bhedak-bindu

(Differential Point)

KSHATAKSHINA

RAJAYAKSHMA

KSHATAJA KASA

KSHAYAJA KASA

VATIKA KASA

1.

VYADHITVA

Established in Charaka and Sushruta Samhita

Established in Brihat-trayee

Established in Brihat-trayee

Established in Brihat-trayee

Established in Brihat-trayee

2.

PARYAYA

Urahakshata, Shosha

Shosha, Kshaya, Rogarata, Dukh, Jwara, Krodha, Yakshma

-

-

-

3.

NIDANA

Sahasaja Yakshma evum Dhatukshayajanya yakshma saman Nidana

·        Sahasaja Nidana

·        Vegadharanjanya Nidana

·        Dhatukshayaja Nidana:

-Anuloma Kshaya

-Pratiloma Kshaya

·        Vishamashana Nidana

 

 -Sahasaja Rajyakshma Saman Nidanas

-Dhatukshaya janya Rajyakshma saman Nidanas

रूक्षशीतकषायाल्पप्रमितानशनं स्त्रियः|वेगधारणमायासो वातकासप्रवर्तकाः||

(च.चि 18/10)

4.

PURVARUPA

अव्यक्तं लक्षणं तस्य 

पूर्वरूपमिति स्मृतम्||

(च.चि 11/12)

पूर्वरूपं प्रतिश्यायो दौर्बल्यं दोषदर्शनम्|

अदोषेष्वपि भावेषु काये बीभत्सदर्शनम्||
घृणित्वमश्नतश्चापि बलमांसपरिक्षयः|

स्त्रीमद्यमांसप्रियता प्रियता चावगुण्ठने||
मक्षिकाघुणकेशानां तृणानां पतनानि |
प्रयोऽन्नपाने केशानां नखानां चाभिवर्धनम्||
पतत्रिभिः पतङ्गैश्च श्वापदैश्चाभिधर्षणम्|स्वप्ने केशास्थिराशीनां भस्मनश्चाधिरोहणम्||
जलाशयानां शैलानां वनानां ज्योतिषामपि|शुष्यतां क्षीयमाणानां पततां यच्च दर्शनम्||
प्राग्रूपं बहुरूपस्य तज्ज्ञेयं राजयक्ष्मणः|

(च.चि 8/33-37)

Vishistha Purvarupa Varnana is not available but General purvarupa of Kasa may be considered.

Vishishtha Purvarupa Varnana is not available but General purvarupa of Kasa should be considered.

शूकपूर्णगलास्यता (Ruksha Guna of Vata is increased)

भोज्यानामवरोध (Pratiloma Vata Janita)

5.

RUPA

उरोरुक्शोणितच्छर्दिः कासो वैशेषिकः क्षते|
क्षीणे सरक्तमूत्रत्वं पार्श्वपृष्ठकटिग्रहः||

(च.चि 11/13)

3,6 evum 11 Rupa clearly mentioned.

 पूर्वं कासते शुष्कं ततः ष्ठीवेत् सशोणितम्|
कण्ठेन रुजताऽत्यर्थं विरुग्णेनेव चोरसा||
सूचीभिरिव तीक्ष्णाभिस्तुद्यमानेन शूलिना|
दुःखस्पर्शेन शूलेन भेदपीडाभितापिना||
पर्वभेदज्वरश्वासतृष्णावैस्वर्यपीडितः|
पारावत इवाकूजन् कासवेगात्क्षतोद्भवात्||

(च.चि 21-23)

दुर्गन्धं हरितं रक्तं ष्ठीवेत् पूयोपमं कफम्||
स्थानादुत्कासमानश्च हृदयं मन्यते च्युतम् |
अकस्मादुष्णशीतार्तो बह्वाशी दुर्बलः कृशः||
स्निग्धाच्छमुखवर्णत्वक् श्रीमद्दर्शनलोचनः |
पाणिपादतलैः श्लक्ष्णैः सततासूयको  घृणी||
ज्वरो मिश्राकृतिस्तस्य पार्श्वरुक् पीनसोऽरुचिः|
भिन्नसंहतवर्चस्त्वं स्वरभेदोऽनिमित्ततः||

(च.चि 26-28)

हृत्पार्श्वोरःशिरःशूलस्वरभेदकरो भृशम्|
शुष्कोरःकण्ठवक्रस्य हृष्टलोम्नः प्रताम्यतः||
निर्घोषदैन्यस्तननदौर्बल्यक्षोभमोहकृत्|
शुष्ककासः कफं शुष्कं कृच्छ्रान्मुक्त्वाऽल्पतां व्रजेत्||
स्निग्धाम्ललवणोष्णैश्च भुक्तपीतैः प्रशाम्यति|
ऊर्ध्ववातस्य जीर्णेऽन्ने वेगवान्मारुतो भवेत्||

(च.चि 11-13)

6.

DOSHA involved

Initially Vata And Rakta Then Tridosha

(Achaya purvaka Dosha prakopa)

Kapha Pradhan Tridosha Dushti

Vayu -5

Pitta- pachak , Sadhaka

Kapha- kledaka, Bodhaka, Avalambaka

Vata, Rakta

(Achaya purvaka Dosha prakopa)

Vata Pradhan Tridosha

(chaya purvaka Dosha prakopa)

Vata Dosha (udana Vikriti)

(Chaya purvaka Dosha prakopa)

7.

DUSHYA

Prarambh me Rakta, rasa paschat Sarva dhatu kshaya evum Mala kshaya

Rasa, Rakta onwards, Sandhi, Mala

Rasa, Rakta

Prarambha me Rasa, Rakta paschat Sarva dushya

Rasa

8.

SROTAS

Initially Rasavaha, Rakta vaha, Pranavaha Paschat sarva srotas

Initially Rasavaha, Rakta vaha, Pranavaha Paschat sarva Srotas

Initially Rasavaha, Rakta vaha, Pranavaha Paschat sarva Srotas

Rasavaha, Raktadi srotas, Pranavaha, Manovaha

Pranavaha, Annavaha Strotas

9.

ROGAMARGA

Marmaasthi sandhi

Marmasthi-sandhi evum Kostha(Ubhaya)

Kostha

Kostha

Kostha

10.

ADHISTHANA

Sharir

Sharir-Manas

Sharir

Sharir-Manas

Sharir-Manas

11.

VYAKTI STHANA

Uraha

Sarva sharira

Uraha, sarva sharira

Uraha, Parshva, sarva sharira

Uraha, Amashaya

12.

UDBHAVSTHANA

Initially no any origin due to bahya Aaghata, Then Aamashaya Samuttha.

In Anuloma Kshaya-Aamashaya Samuttha

In Pratiloma Kshaya-Pakwashaya Samuttha

Initially no any origin due to bahya Aaghata, Then Aamashaya Samuttha.

In Anuloma Kshaya-Aamashaya Samuttha

In Pratiloma Kshaya Pakwashaya Samuttha

Pakwashaya Samuttha

13.

AGNI

Sama

Jathragni, dhatvagni, bhutagni are Manda

Manda / Vishama

Manda

Manda / Vishama

4.

SAMA/NIRAMA

Nirama

Sama

Nirama

Sama

Nirama

15.

SROTODUSHTI PRAKAR

Atipravritti, Vimargagamana, Sira granthi

Sanga

Atipravritti, Vimargagamana,

Sira granthi

Sanga, Vimargagamana

Vimargagamana

16.

VYADHI PRAKAR

Aashukari

Chirakari

Aashukari

Chirakari

Chirakari/ Aashukari

17.

SADHYASADHYATVA

अल्पलिङ्गस्य दीप्ताग्नेः साध्यो बलवतो नवः|
परिसंवत्सरो याप्यः सर्वलिङ्गं तु वर्जयेत्||

(च.चि 11/14)

सर्वैरर्धैस्त्रिभिर्वाऽपि लिङ्गैर्मांसबलक्षये|
युक्तो वर्ज्यश्चिकित्स्यस्तु सर्वरूपोऽप्यतोऽन्यथा||

(च.चि8/47)

In kshina- Asadhya

In Balvana- yapya

In kshina-Asadhya

In balvana- sadhya

Sadhya Vyadhi

In Jaravastha - Yapya

18.

SAMPRAPTI

तथाऽन्यैः कर्मभिः करैर्भृशमभ्याहतस्य च ॥ (च.चि 11/7)

 

विक्षते वक्षसि व्याधिर्बलवान् समुदीर्यतेस्त्रीषु चातिप्रसक्तस्य रूक्षाल्पप्रमिताशिनः ॥ (च.चि 11/8)

 

यो विरुज्यते तस्य भिद्यतेऽथ विभज्यते । प्रपीड्यते ततः पार्श्वे शुध्यत्यङ्ग प्रवेपते ॥

(च.चि 11/9)

 

क्रमाद्वीर्य बलं वर्णो रुचिरग्निश्च हीयते । ज्वरो व्यथा मनोदैन्यं विभेदोऽग्निधावपि ॥

(च.चि 11/10)

स्रोतसां सन्निरोधाच्च रक्तादीनां  सङ्क्षयात्|
धातूष्मणां चापचयाद्राजयक्ष्मा प्रवर्तते||

(च.चि 8/40)

स्योरः क्षतं वायुर्गृहीत्वा कासमावहेत्||

(च.चि 18/20)

व्यापन्नेऽग्नौ त्रयो मलाः||
कुपिताः क्षयजं कासं कुर्युर्देहक्षयप्रदम्|

(च.चि 18/24)

अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः|उदानभावमापन्नः कण्ठे सक्तस्तथोरसि||||


आविश्य शिरसः खानि सर्वाणि प्रतिपूरयन्|आभञ्जन्नाक्षिपन् देहं हनुमन्ये तथाऽक्षिणी||||


नेत्रे पृष्ठमुरःपार्श्वे निर्भुज्य स्तम्भयंस्ततः|
(च.चि 18/6-8)

19.

UPADRAVA

उपेक्षिते भवेत्तस्मिन्ननुबन्धो हि यक्ष्मणः|
प्रागेवागमनात्तस्य तस्मात्तं त्वरया जयेत्||९५||

(च.चि 11/15)

रोगसमूह

तद्यथा ज्वरसंतापाद्रक्तपित्तमुदीर्यते । रक्तपित्ताज्वरस्ताभ्यां शोषश्चाप्युपजायते ।। प्लीहाभिवृद्धया जठरं जठराच्छोथ एव च। अर्शोभ्यो जठरं दुःखं गुल्मश्चाप्युपजायते।। प्रतिश्यायाद्भवेत् कासः कासात् संजायते क्षयः । क्षयो रोगभ्य हेतुत्वे शोषस्याप्युपलभ्यते।। (च.नि.अ.8/16-19) As per the principle of “Nidararthakaratva”

20.

VYADHI DHATUGATATVA

Possibility of Yakshma if appropriate management is not done on time.

Rasa – Aruchi, jwara, Kasa, Atisara

Rakta- Shonita sthivana, rakta vamana

Mamsa- Mamsa kshaya

Medo-kshaya

Asthi- kshaya

Majja-kshaya

Sukra- ksaya

Ojas kshaya

Rasa- Jwara

Rakta- Sarakta sthivana

Asthi-Majja- Parvabheda

Not generalised as seen in Kshatakshina, Rajayakshma and Kshataj Kasa. If it is not treated properly ,may convert into Kahatakshina, Yakshma and Kshataj Kasa

-

21.

CHIKITSA SIDDHANT

उरो मत्वा क्षतं लाक्षां पयसा मधुसंयुताम्|
सद्य एव पिबेज्जीर्णे पयसाऽद्यात् सशर्करम्||

(च.चि 11/15)

तस्मात् पुरीषं संरक्ष्यं विशेषाद्राजयक्ष्मिणः|
सर्वधातुक्षयार्तस्य बलं तस्य हि विड्बलम्||((च.चि 8/42)

 

दोषाधिकानां वमनं शस्यते सविरेचनम्|
स्नेहस्वेदोपपन्नानां सस्नेहं यन्न कर्शनम्||
शोषी मुञ्चति गात्राणि पुरीषस्रंसनादपि|
अबलापेक्षिणीं मात्रां किं पुनर्यो विरिच्यते||

(च.चि 8/87-88)

 

शुष्यतां क्षीणमांसानां कल्पितानि विधानवित्|दद्यान्मांसादमांसानि बृंहणानि विशेषतः||

(च.चि 8/149)

 

मद्यं तैक्ष्ण्यौष्ण्यवैशद्यसूक्ष्मत्वात् स्रोतसां मुखम्|

प्रमथ्य विवृणोत्याशु तन्मोक्षात् सप्त धातवः||
पुष्यन्ति धातुपोषाच्च शीघ्रं शोषः प्रशाम्यति|(च.चि 8/166)

क्षतकासाभिभूतानां वृत्तिः स्यात् पित्तकासिक|
क्षीरसर्पिर्मधुप्राया संसर्गे तु विशेषणम्||

(च.चि 17/138)

संपूर्णरूपं क्षयज दुर्बलस्य विवर्जयेत् । नवोत्थितं बलवतः प्रत्याख्यायाचरेत् क्रियाम् ॥ १४९

तस्मै बृंहणमेवादी कुर्यादग्ने दीपनम् । बहुदोषाय सस्नेहं मृदु दद्याद्विरेचनम् ॥

च.चि 17/149)

रूक्षस्यानिलजं कासमादौ स्नेहैरुपाचरेत्|सर्पिर्भिर्बस्तिभिः पेयायूषक्षीररसादिभिः||३२||
वातघ्नसिद्धैः स्नेहाद्यैर्धूमैर्लेहैश्च युक्तितः|अभ्यङ्गैः परिषेकैश्च स्निग्धैः स्वेदैश्च बुद्धिमान्||३३||
बस्तिभिर्बद्धविड्वातं शुष्कोर्ध्वं चोर्ध्वभक्तिकैः|घृतैः सपित्तं सकफं जयेत् स्नेहविरेचनैः|

(च.चि 17/32-33)

22.

UPASHAYA- ANUPASHAYA

Yusha,Kshira,

Ghritapana (Upashaya)

अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनैश्चैव वासोभिरहतैः प्रियैः । यथर्तुविहितैः स्नानैरवगार्हविमार्जनः ॥ वस्तिभिः क्षीरसर्पिभिर्मासैमसिरसौदनः । इष्टैर्मद्यैर्मनोज्ञानां गन्धानामुपसेवनः ॥ सुहृदां रमणीयानां प्रमदानां च दर्शनैः । गीतवादित्रशब्दश्च प्रियश्रुतिभिरेव च ।।  हर्षणाश्वासनैर्नित्यं गुरूणां समुपासनैः । ब्रह्मचर्येण दानेन तपसा देवतार्चनैः ॥ सत्येनाचारयोगेन मङ्गल्यैरप्यहिंसया । वैद्यविप्रार्चनाच्चैव रोगराजो निवर्तते ॥

(च.चि 8/184-188)

(Upshaya)

As per the Kshatakshina and Kshayaj Kasa

अकस्मादुष्णशीतार्तो 

बह्वाशी (च.चि 18/26)

(Anupashaya)

स्निग्धाम्ललवणोष्णैश्च भुक्तपीतैः 

प्रशाम्यति|
ऊर्ध्ववातस्य जीर्णेऽन्ने वेगवान्मारुतो भवेत्|| (च.चि 18/13)

(Upshaya)

23.

PATHYAPATHYA

यद्यत् सन्तर्पणं 

शीतमविदाहि हितं लघु|
अन्नपानं निषेव्यं तत्क्षतक्षीणैः सुखार्थिभिः||९३||
यच्चोक्तं यक्ष्मिणां पथ्यं कासिनां रक्तपित्तिनाम्|
तच्च कुर्यादवेक्ष्याग्निं व्याधिं सात्म्यं बलं तथा||

(च.चि 11/13-14)

 

यच्चोपदेक्ष्यते पथ्यं क्षतक्षीणचिकित्सिते|
यक्ष्मिणस्तत् प्रयोक्तव्यं बलमांसाभिवृद्ध

ये|| (च.चि 8/183)

 

 मूलकानां कुलत्थानां यूषैर्वा सूपकल्पितैः ॥ यवगोधूमशाल्यन्नैर्यथासात्म्यमुपाचरेत्

(च.चि 8/68)

 

आजस्य पयसश्चैवं प्रयोगो जाङ्गला रसाः । यूषार्थे चणका मुद्गा मकुष्ठापकल्पिताः ॥ (च.चि 8/116)

 

मांसानां लघुपाकानां रसाः सांग्राहिकैर्युताः। व्यञ्जनार्थ प्रशस्यन्ते भोज्यार्थ रक्तशालयः ॥ (च.चि 8/132)

 

प्रसन्नां वारुणीं सीधुमरिष्टानासवान्मधु । यथार्हमनुपानार्थ पिवेन्मांसानि भक्षयन् ॥

(च.चि 8/165)

As per the Kshatakshina and Kshayaj Kasa viz.

Madhura, Jivaniya varga,mamsa vardhaka ahara,kshira,abhyanga

वातघ्नौषधनिष्क्वाथं क्षीरं यूषान् रसानपि । वैष्किरप्रतुदान् बैलान् दापयेत् क्षयकासिने ॥

(च.चि 18/185)

ग्राम्यानूपादक शालियवगोधूमषष्टिकान् । रसैमषात्मगुप्तानां यूपैर्वा भोजयेद्धितान् ॥

(च.चि 18/76)

24.

SARVA DEHIKA (Generalised) GUNA STITHI

 

Initially increase in Ruksha & Ushna Guna, Later Ruksha & Sheeta.

Initially increase in रुक्ष and शीत guna

उष्ण, तीक्ष्ण वृद्धि

Initially increase in ruksha and sheeta guna

Initially increase in ruksha and khara guna later sheeta guna

25.

OJA STITHI

क्षय

क्षय

क्षय

क्षय

अप्रभावित

26.

SATTVA DUSHTI

प्रारंभ नास्ति

पश्चात अवर

अवर

प्रारंभ नास्ति

पश्चात अवर

प्रारंभ नास्ति

पश्चात अवर

अप्रभावित          

27.

DHATVAGNI

प्रारंभ अप्रभावित

पश्चात चिकित्सा अभाव से क्षीण

मांध्य/ क्षीण

प्रारंभ में अप्रभावित चिकित्सा न करने से मांध्य

प्रारंभ में अप्रभावित चिकित्सा न करने से मांध्य

अप्रभावित

28.

DHATU POSHAN KRAMA

Disturbed

Disturbed

Disturbed

Disturbed

Not initially but Later Disturbed if not treated.

29.

SIGNS

क्षीणे सरक्तमूत्रत्वं पार्श्वपृष्ठकटिग्रहः

(च.चि 11/13)

कासमानो रसं यक्ष्मी निष्ठीवति' कफानुगम्

सपिच्छमतिसार्यते

प्रायोऽन्नपाने केशानां नखानां चाभिवर्धनम्।। (च.चि 8/35)

 

संकोच आयाम (च.चि 8/56)

पारावत इवाकूजन् 

(च.चि 18/23)

श्रीमद्दर्शनलोचनः

(च.चि 18/27)

शुष्कोरःकण्ठवक्रस्य हृष्टलोम्नः

(च.चि 18/ 11)

30.

WEIGHT LOSS

अतिभार हानि

अतिभार हानि

मध्यम भार हानि

मध्यम भार हानि

अल्प भार हानि

31.

STHIVANA

दुष्टः श्यावः सुदुर्गन्धः पीतो विग्रथितो बहुः

(च.चि 11/

कण्ठात्प्रवर्तते रक्तं श्लेष्मा चोत्क्लिष्टसंचितः

(च.चि 8/57)

 पूर्वं कासते शुष्कं ततः ष्ठीवेत् सशोणितम्|

(च.चि 18/21)

दुर्गन्धं हरितं रक्तं ष्ठीवेत् पूयोपमं कफम्||

(च.चि 18/25)

शुष्ककासः कफं शुष्कं कृच्छ्रान्मुक्त्वाऽल्पतां व्रजेत् |

(च.चि 18/12)

32.

SHULA

(Pain)

उरोरुक (च.चि 8/13)

पार्श्वपृष्ठकटिग्रहः (च.चि 8/13)

पार्श्वशिरोरुजा (च.चि 8/45)

अंसशूल (च.चि 8/52)

कण्ठेन रुजताऽत्यर्थं विरुग्णेनेव चोरसा||
सूचीभिरिव तीक्ष्णाभिस्तुद्यमानेन शूलिना|

(च.चि 18/21-22)

 

पार्श्वरुक् (च.चि 18/28)

हृत्पार्श्वोरःशिरःशूल

(च.चि 18/1


CONCLUSIVE REMARKS

 

(1)  Description of Charak Sosha Nidana in Nidana Sthana 6 have the concise form of Pulmonary Pathology mainly.


(2)  Above all 5 types of pathologies are further expansion / classification / interpretation of Sosha Nidana chapter 6 of Charak Samhita that deals mainly with Pranavaha Stroto Dushti/Pulmonary disorders.


(3)  This expansion / classification / interpretation was done to facilitate the management of different kinds of pulmonary pathologies.


(4) Yakshma and Kshatakshina have generalised extensive dhatukshaya condition with Dhatugatatva pattern (Progressive tissue involvement) while Kshataj and Kshayaj Kasa have less generalised and greater localised (Pulmonary involvement) pathology along with comparatively less dhatugatatva.


(5)  Vatika Kasa is mildest form of pathology among mentioned above 5 pathologies and if it is not checked / treated appropriately it may convert into either 4 severe pulmonary pathologies mentioned above.

  • (6)  Figure:




                        

                                                   

 

(7) On deep analysis of above 5 diseases reveals that all 5 pathologies progress as per the principle of Kostha, Shakha, Marmasthi sandhi, Indriyas and Sattva. Description of vataj kasa shows that it initiates with Kosthastha pathology and progresses gradually further towards Shakha. Thats why this is mildest amongst 5 and remaining 3 also start similar to vatika kasa except Urakshata/Kshatakshina that is caused by trauma.


(8)  GI (Mahastrotas) signs and symptoms are seen in all above 5 diseases because Mahastrotas  is one of moola sthana of pranavaha strotas.


(9)  On careful analysis of differentiation of above 5 diseases, as per the chart that Acharya Punarvasu have described the various sign, symptoms, samprapti, rupa, purvarupa etc individually. These are quiet sufficient to reach or make proper diagnosis of disease and manage accordingly.


(10) In current advanced age of various investigations, scanning etc it is not difficult to diagnose TB / Pulmonary injury, infection or other types of internal pathologies so early in the absence of fully blown signs and symptoms, hence the combination of agni, dhatugatatva, interruption in dhatu poshan etc are important factors to be considered in management; especially when prescribed management doesn’t show expected results then the understanding of differential diagnosis is most important and can give right path in the management.


(11) Above mentioned differentiating points may be helpful to manage the patient with modern diagnosis COPD, Koch’s Chest, ILD etc with the basic understanding of Ayurveda and its therapeutic as well as dietary aspect.









 

Presented by: 

*Dr. Ruchika Chaudhari 

M. D. (Ayu. KC)

Ex. M.D. Scholar

P. G. Department of Kayachikitsa

Govt. Akhandanand Ayurveda College & Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

*Assistant Professor

Department of Kayachikitsa

Arihant Ayurvedic College, Kalol, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Email : ruchikachaudhari19@gmail.com


*Dr. Priyanka Parmar

B.A.M.S.

M. D. Final Year Scholar 

P. G. Department of Kayachikitsa

Govt. Akhandanand Ayurveda College & Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Email : parmarpriyanka707@gmail.com


Guided by


*Prof. Dr. Surendra A. Soni 

M.D.(Ayu. PhD)

H.O.D. 

P.G Kayachikitsa Department,

Govt. Akhandanand Ayurveda College & Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Email: kayachikitsagau@gmail.com

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