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An effort to differentiate Aadhman, Aanah & Aatop.

An effort to differentiate Aadhman, Aanah & Aatop


Sr. No

Differential Features/ Bhedakatva

Adhmana

Anaha

Atopa

1.

Nidana

Vega Vidharana (Purisha)

पक्वाशयशिरःशूलं वातवर्चोऽप्रवर्तनम् |
पिण्डिकोद्वेष्टनाध्मानं पुरीषे स्याद्विधारिते||||

(Charaka Sutra 7)

(Adho-Vata)

सङ्गो विण्मूत्रवातानामाध्मानं वेदना क्लमः|
जठरे वातजाश्चान्ये रोगाः स्युर्वातनिग्रहात्||१२||

(Charaka Sutra 7)

Viruddha Ahara

षाण्ढ्यान्ध्यवीसर्पदकोदराणांविस्फोटकोन्माद भगन्दराणाम्|मूर्च्छामदाध्मानगलग्रहाणां …..

सन्तानदोषस्यतथैव मृत्योर्विरुद्धमन्नं …….

…………..प्रवदन्ति हेतुम्||१०३||

(Charaka Sutra 26)

Mutra Vega Vidharana

बस्तिमेहनयोः शूलं मूत्रकृच्छ्रं शिरोरुजा [] |

विनामो वङ्क्षणानाहः स्याल्लिङ्गंमूत्रनिग्रहे||||

(Charaka Sutra 7)

 

‘Atopa’ is simply an exaggerated audible intestinal sound which is usually not audible without stethoscope in normal physiological condition, hence there is no separate nidana are mentioned because it is a sign only may be found either in physiologiacal conditions or pathological with individual etiological factors.

 

2.

Purvaroopa

As Poorvaroopa

In Atisara

हृन्नाभिपायूदरकुक्षितोदगात्रावसादा

निलसन्निरोधाः ||||विट्सङ्ग आध्मान

मथाविपाको भविष्यतस्तस्य पुरःसराणि ||

Sushruta Uttaratantra 40

In Gulma 

उद्गारबाहुल्यपुरीषबन्ध-

तृप्त्यक्षमत्वान्त्रविकूजनानि|
आटोपमाध्मानमपक्तिशक्ति-
मासन्नगुल्मस्य वदन्ति चिह्नम्||६३||  Ashtanga Hridaya Nidana 11

 

 

As Poorvaroopa

In Hikka Shvasa

आनाहः पार्श्वशूलं पीडनं हृदयस्य |

प्राणस्य विलोमत्वं

श्वासानां पूर्वलक्षणम्||२०||

 (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 17)

 

As Poorvaroopa

In Hikka Shvasa

कण्ठोरसोर्गुरुत्वं  वदनस्य कषायता|
हिक्कानां पूर्वरूपाणि कुक्षेराटोप एव ||१९||

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 17)

In Arsha

विष्टम्भोऽन्नस्य दौर्बल्यं कुक्षेराटोप एव |
कार्श्यमुद्गारबाहुल्यं सक्थिसादोऽल्पविट्कता||२१||
ग्रहणीदोषपाण्ड्वर्तेराशङ्का चोदरस्य |
पूर्वरूपाणि निर्दिष्टान्यर्शसामभिवृद्धये||२२||

(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 14)

In Apasmara

तस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्तितद्यथाभ्रूव्युदासः 

हृदयग्रहःकुक्षेराटोपो …………||||
ततोऽनन्तरमपस्माराभिनिर्वृत्तिरेव||||

(Charaka Nidana Sthana 8)

3.

Roopa

As Roopa

In Udara Roga

कुक्षेराध्मानमाटोपः शोफः पादकरस्य |

मन्दोऽग्निःश्लक्ष्णगण्डत्वंकार्श्यं चोदरलक्षणम्||२१||

 (Charaka  Chikitsa Sthana 13)

In Vata Vyadhi

ग्रहो विण्मूत्रवातानां शूलाध्मानाश्मशर्कराः||२६||
जङ्घोरुत्रिकपात्पृष्ठरोगशोषौ गुदस्थिते|

 (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 28)

In Baddha Guda Udara

तस्य रूपाणितृष्णादाहज्वरमुखतालुशोषोरुसाद

कासश्वासदौर्बल्यारोचकाविपाकवर्चोमूत्रसङ्गाध्मान च्छर्दिक्षवथु शिरोहृन्नाभिगुदशूलानि

 (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 13/41)

In Arsha

प्रवाहिकाध्मानशिश्नवृषणबस्तिवङ्क्षणहृद्ग्रहाङ्गमर्द

हृदयद्रवप्रबलानिवातोल्बणान्यर्शांसीति विद्यात् ||११||

(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 14)

 

 

As Roopa

Antarvidradhi

व्यधच्छेदभ्रमानाहशब्दस्फुरणसर्पणैः|
वातिकींपैत्तिकीं तृष्णादाहमोहमदज्वरैः||

९६||

 (Charaka Sutra 17)

In Vata Vyadhi

पक्वाशयस्थोऽन्त्रकूजं शूलाटोपौ करोति ||

२८||कृच्छ्रमूत्रपुरीषत्वमानाहं त्रिकवेदनाम्|

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 28)

In Pleehodara

तस्य रूपाणिदौर्बल्यारोचकाविपाकवर्चो

मूत्रग्रहतमःप्रवेशपिपासाङ्गमर्दच्छर्दिमूर्च्छाङ्ग सादकासश्वासमृदुज्वरानाहाग्निनाशकार्श्यास्य

वैरस्यपर्वभेद कोष्ठवातशूलानि !!

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 13/38)

 

As Roopa

In Vata Vyadhi

पक्वाशयस्थोऽन्त्रकूजं शूलाटोपौ करोति ||२८||
कृच्छ्रमूत्रपुरीषत्वमानाहं त्रिकवेदनाम्|

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 28)

In Udara Roga

कुक्षेराध्मानमाटोपः शोफः पादकरस्य |
मन्दोऽग्निः श्लक्ष्णगण्डत्वं कार्श्यं चोदरलक्षणम्||

२१||

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 13)

In Udara Roga

अजातशोथमरुणं सशब्दं नातिभारिकम्|
सदा गुडगुडायच्च सिराजालगवाक्षितम्||५५||

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 13)

In Sahaja Arsha

तैरुपहतो जन्मप्रभृति प्रचुरविबद्धवातमूत्र

पुरीष…………………प्रचुरपरिकर्तिकान्वितः

विष्टम्भान्त्रकूजोदावर्तहृदयेन्द्रियोपलेपः 

इत्युक्तानि सहजान्यर्शांसि||||

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 14)

4.

Samprapti

 विमार्गोऽनिलः कुर्यादाध्मानं मर्मपीडनम्|
विदाहं गुरुकोष्ठस्य मुष्कवङ्क्षणवेदनाम्||२२||
रुणद्धि हृदयं शूलैरितश्चेतश्च धावति|

Adhmana

साटोपमत्युग्ररुजमाध्मातमुदरं भृशम् |

आध्मानमिति जानीयाद्घोरं वातनिरोधजम् ||

1/88||

Prati Adhmana

विमुक्तपार्श्वहृदयं तदेवामाशयोत्थितम् |

प्रत्याध्मानं विजानीयात् कफव्याकुलितानिलम् ||

1/89||

यस्य वातः प्रकुपितः कुक्षिमाश्रित्य तिष्ठति|
नाधो व्रजति नाप्यूर्ध्वमानाहस्तस्य जायते ||

३२||

Charaka Sutrasthana 18/32

 

आमं शकृद्वा निचितं क्रमेण भूयो विबद्धं 

विगुणानिलेन |प्रवर्तमानं  यथास्वमेनं

 विकारमानाहमुदाहरन्ति ||

Su. Uttara tantra 56-21

आटोपं सञ्चलनं

 

आटोपः गुडगुडाशब्दः||

 

 

5.

Upshaya

Not mentioned because these are exclusive gastrointestinal events which occur due to various pathologies, so the upashaya must be understood as per specific pathology occurred.

6.

Anupshaya

Kashaya Rasa

 एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमान

उदरमाध्मापयति

(Charaka Sutra 26/43)

 

Madhura Rasa

 एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुप

युज्यमानः…शीतज्वरानाहास्य……

(Charaka Sutra 26)

Not mentioned because it is a sign

to various pathologies.

7.

Updrava

In Hikka Shvasa

उदावर्ते तथाऽऽध्माने मातुलुङ्गाम्लवेतसैः|

हिङ्गुपीलुबिडैश्चान्नं युक्तं स्यादनुलोमनम्||८७||

 (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 17)

In Atisara

दण्डकालसकाध्मानग्रहण्यर्शोगदांस्तथा|

शोथपाण्ड्वामयप्लीहकुष्ठगुल्मोदरज्वरान्||१६||

 (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 19)

In Avrita Vata

मूत्राप्रवृत्तिराध्मानं बस्तौ मूत्रावृतेऽनिले||६९||

(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 28)

In Arsha

पुंस्त्वोपघातः श्वयथुर्गुदे वेगविनिग्रहः|
आध्मानं दारुणं शूलं व्यथा रक्तातिवर्तनम्||३५||
पुनर्विरोहो रूढानां क्लेदो भ्रंशो गुदस्य |
मरणं वा भवेच्छीघ्रं शस्त्रक्षाराग्निविभ्रमात्||३६||

(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 14)

In Grahani

जीर्णे जीर्यति चाध्मानं भुक्ते स्वास्थ्यमुपैति |
 वातगुल्महृद्रोगप्लीहाशङ्की  मानवः||६३||
चिरादुःखं द्रवं शुष्कं तन्वामं शब्दफेनवत्|
पुनः पुनः सृजेद्वर्चः कासश्वासार्दितोऽनिलात्||६४||

(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 15)

In Gulma

शूलानाहविबन्धेषु गुल्मे वातकफोल्बणे|
वर्तयो गुटिकाश्चूर्णं कफवातहरं हितम्||

३०|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 5)

In Gulma

सानाहं सविबन्धं  गुल्मं कठिनमुन्नतम्

||५१||दृष्ट्वाऽऽदौ स्वेदयेद्युक्त्या स्विन्नं 

 विलयेद्भिषक्|

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 5)

In Gulma

गलग्रहं पूतिनस्यं मूर्च्छायमरुचिं 

ज्वरम्|गुल्मं प्लीहानमानाहं किलासं 

कृच्छ्रमूत्रताम्||२६||

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 4)

In Varcho Avrita Vata

वर्चसोऽतिविबन्धोऽधः ………….भुक्ते चानह्यते नरः||७०||चिरात् पीडितमन्ने

नदुःखं शुष्कं शकृत् सृजेत्|||७१||
……अस्वस्थं हृदयं चैव वर्चसा त्वावृत

ऽनिले|७२|(Charaka Chikitsa 28)

In Atisara

गुदनिःसरणं शूलं मूत्रकृच्छ्रं प्रवाहिकाम्|
कट्यूरुपृष्ठदौर्बल्यमानाहं वङ्क्षणाश्रयम्||

१३३||(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 14)

In Vata Gulma

प्लीहाटोपान्त्रकूजनाविपाकोदावर्ताङ्गमर्दमन्या

शिरःशङ्खशूलब्रध्नरोगाश्चैनमुपद्रवन्ति

(Charaka Nidana Sthana 3)

 

8.

As Pancha-karma

Vyapada

Snehana

Not mentioned being a sign.

Sneha Vibhrama

तन्द्रा सोत्क्लेश आनाहो ज्वरः स्तम्भो 

विसञ्ज्ञता|कुष्ठानि कण्डूः पाण्डुत्वं 

शोफार्शांस्यरुचिस्तृषा||७५||
जठरं ग्रहणीदोषाः स्तैमित्यं वाक्यनिग्रहः|
शूलमामप्रदोषाश्च जायन्ते स्नेहविभ्रमात्||

७६|| (Charaka Sutra 13)

Not mentioned being a sign.

Svedana

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Vamana

As Vyapada of Vamana Virechana

 (Charaka Samhita Siddhi Sthana 6/58-60)

In Nava Jwara

अनुपस्थितदोषाणां वमनं तरुणेज्वरे|

हृद्रोगं श्वासमानाहं मोहं जनयेद्भृशम्|

 (Charaka Chikitsa- 3)

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Virechana

Virechana Ayoga

ष्ठीवनं हृदयाशुद्धिरुत्क्लेशः श्लेष्मपित्तयोः|
आध्मानमरुचिश्छर्दिरदौर्बल्यमलाघवम्||||
जङ्घोरुसदनं तन्द्रा स्तैमित्यं पीनसागमः|
लक्षणान्यविरिक्तानां मारुतस्य  निग्रहः||||

 (Charaka Sutra 16)

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Basti Karma

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Yapana Basti

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

Not mentioned being a sign.

 

 

Samsarjana Vyapada

Mithya Sansarjana

(Ashta Mahadosha)

रथक्षोभात् सन्धिपर्वशैथिल्यहनुनासाकर्णशिरःशूल

तोदकुक्षिक्षोभाटोपान्त्रकूजनाध्मानहृदयेन्द्रियोपरोध

स्फिक्पार्श्ववङ्क्षणवृषणकटीपृष्ठवेदनासन्धिस्कन्धग्रीवा

दौर्बल्याङ्गाभितापपादशोफप्रस्वापहर्षणादयः

 (Charaka Samhita Siddhi Sthana 12/14)

-

 

9.

As Arishta

Anaha as Arishta

विरेचनहृतानाहो यस्तृष्णानुगतो नरः|

विरिक्तः पुनराध्माति यथा प्रेतस्तथैव सः||१०||

(Charaka Samhita Indriya Sthana 9)

Shosha Arishta

अंसाभितापो हिक्का छर्दनं

 शोणितस्य |आनाहः

पार्श्वशूलं भवत्यन्ताय शोषिणः||

(Charaka Indriya Sthana 9/7)

Arishta as a complication

आनाहश्चातिसारश्च यमेतौ दुर्बलं

 नरम्|व्याधितं विशतो रोगौ

दुर्लभं तस्य जीवितम्||||

 (Charaka Indriya Sthana 6)

आनाहश्चातितृष्णा यमेतौ दुर्बलं

नरम्|विशतो विजहत्येनं

प्राणा नातिचिरान्नरम्||||

(Charaka  Indriya Sthana 6)

Not mentioned being a sign.

10.

Aushadha Yoga

Hingvadi Churna

(Sushruta Chikitsa Sthana 4)

Hingu dvirutara Churna

Vachadi Churna

(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 26)

Not mentioned being a sign.

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusions

·       Adhmana, Anaha and Atopa are the usual events which takes place in the gut lumen as a response to the changes in the entire GI Tract which may be due to dietary changes, diurnal disturbance or due to irritants, infectious cause or inflammatory changes.

·       Adhmana, Anaha and Atopa are mentioned as symptoms and signs of Vyadhi across the Charaka Samhita. Their manifestation occurs through varied pathologies of different aetiologies and therefore a different kind of lakshana samprapti menifestation.

·        Atopa is a physiology where sounds are produced in the GI tract by the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle cells of muscular layer of GI Tract  this propel the content of the lumen towards the anal canal for its excretion.

·       Adhmana should be taken as congestion in G.I tract mainly in extra luminal area of vascular bed of intestinal area. It may be associated with either Anaha or Atopa depending upon the types of pathology. It is closer to the description of Abdominal Distension.

·       Anaha can be taken as a kind of a functional obstruction (Amaja Anaha) either because of decreased transit time or it can occur due to the mechanical obstruction like faecal impaction (Shakrutaja Anaha). There may be reactive Adhmana or Atopa as an accompanied event.

·       Prati-adhmana is a gurgling sound produced by the stomach as the food passes through it. The term borborygmi mentioned is closer to Atopa or Prati-adhmana.

·       These three classicals ayurveda terms seems very simple but these may be a tip of iceberg in varied deep routed pathologies thus appropriate care should be taken in management especially in chronicity.


In simplified manner we can conclude that acute 'Aadhman' is usually manifested either because of accumulated fecus with or without gaseous substances (Intraluminal pathologies) and generally this leads to reactive  congestion in intestines. While chronic 'Aadhman' (Cardinal sign of Udar-rog) is caused by extraluminal pathologies like hepatic or pancreatic or splenich disorders etc. Both conditions may be accompanied with either 'Aanah' or 'Aatop' depending on the other etiological factors/ mechanisms.

Efforts have been made in above table to present the various classical extensive pathologies responsible for these three and management must be accordingly because of Involvement multiple Rogamarga, Doshas, Dushyas and Srotasa.

 



 

Presented by

Vd. Harshil Padhiyar

MD Final Year Scholar

P G Department of Kayachikitsa

Govt. Akhandanand Ayu. College,

Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

email- harshilpadhiyar72.hp@gmail.com

Mob.- +91 7874598969


Guided by

Prof. Surendra A. Soni
M.D., Ph.D (Kayachikitsa)
H.O.D.
P.G. Dept. of Kayachikitsa
Govt. Akhandanand Ayurved College,
Bhadra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
email: surendraasoni@gmail.com

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