An effort to differentiate Aadhman, Aanah & Aatop
Sr. No |
Differential Features/ Bhedakatva |
||||
1. |
Nidana |
Vega Vidharana (Purisha) पक्वाशयशिरःशूलं वातवर्चोऽप्रवर्तनम् | (Charaka Sutra 7) सङ्गो विण्मूत्रवातानामाध्मानं वेदना क्लमः| (Charaka Sutra 7) षाण्ढ्यान्ध्यवीसर्पदकोदराणांविस्फोटकोन्माद भगन्दराणाम्|मूर्च्छामदाध्मानगलग्रहाणां
….. सन्तानदोषस्यतथैव मृत्योर्विरुद्धमन्नं ……. …………..प्रवदन्ति हेतुम्||१०३||
(Charaka Sutra 26) |
बस्तिमेहनयोः शूलं मूत्रकृच्छ्रं शिरोरुजा [१] | विनामो वङ्क्षणानाहः स्याल्लिङ्गंमूत्रनिग्रहे||६|| (Charaka Sutra 7) |
‘Atopa’ is simply an exaggerated audible intestinal sound which is
usually not audible without stethoscope in normal physiological condition, hence
there is no separate nidana are mentioned because it is a sign only may be
found either in physiologiacal conditions or pathological with individual
etiological factors. |
|
2. |
Purvaroopa |
As Poorvaroopa In Atisara हृन्नाभिपायूदरकुक्षितोदगात्रावसादा निलसन्निरोधाः ||८||विट्सङ्ग आध्मान मथाविपाको भविष्यतस्तस्य पुरःसराणि |९| In Gulma उद्गारबाहुल्यपुरीषबन्ध- तृप्त्यक्षमत्वान्त्रविकूजनानि| |
As Poorvaroopa In Hikka Shvasa आनाहः पार्श्वशूलं
च पीडनं हृदयस्य च| प्राणस्य च
विलोमत्वं श्वासानां पूर्वलक्षणम्||२०|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 17) |
As Poorvaroopa In Hikka Shvasa कण्ठोरसोर्गुरुत्वं च वदनस्य कषायता| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
17) In Arsha विष्टम्भोऽन्नस्य दौर्बल्यं कुक्षेराटोप एव च| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa
Sthana 14) In Apasmara तस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- भ्रूव्युदासः हृदयग्रहःकुक्षेराटोपो …………||६|| (Charaka Nidana Sthana 8) |
|
3. |
Roopa |
As Roopa In Udara Roga कुक्षेराध्मानमाटोपः शोफः पादकरस्य
च| मन्दोऽग्निःश्लक्ष्णगण्डत्वंकार्श्यं चोदरलक्षणम्||२१|| (Charaka
Chikitsa Sthana 13) In Vata Vyadhi ग्रहो विण्मूत्रवातानां शूलाध्मानाश्मशर्कराः||२६|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 28) तस्य रूपाणि- तृष्णादाहज्वरमुखतालुशोषोरुसाद कासश्वासदौर्बल्यारोचकाविपाकवर्चोमूत्रसङ्गाध्मान च्छर्दिक्षवथु
शिरोहृन्नाभिगुदशूलानि (Charaka
Chikitsa Sthana 13/41) In Arsha प्रवाहिकाध्मानशिश्नवृषणबस्तिवङ्क्षणहृद्ग्रहाङ्गमर्द हृदयद्रवप्रबलानिवातोल्बणान्यर्शांसीति विद्यात् ||११||
(Charaka Samhita Chikitsa
Sthana 14) |
As Roopa व्यधच्छेदभ्रमानाहशब्दस्फुरणसर्पणैः| ९६|| (Charaka Sutra 17) In Vata Vyadhi पक्वाशयस्थोऽन्त्रकूजं शूलाटोपौ करोति च|| २८||कृच्छ्रमूत्रपुरीषत्वमानाहं त्रिकवेदनाम्| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
28) In Pleehodara तस्य रूपाणि- दौर्बल्यारोचकाविपाकवर्चो मूत्रग्रहतमःप्रवेशपिपासाङ्गमर्दच्छर्दिमूर्च्छाङ्ग सादकासश्वासमृदुज्वरानाहाग्निनाशकार्श्यास्य
वैरस्यपर्वभेद कोष्ठवातशूलानि !! (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 13/38) |
As Roopa In Vata Vyadhi पक्वाशयस्थोऽन्त्रकूजं शूलाटोपौ करोति च||२८|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
28) In Udara Roga कुक्षेराध्मानमाटोपः शोफः पादकरस्य च| २१|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
13) In Udara Roga अजातशोथमरुणं सशब्दं नातिभारिकम्| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
13) In Sahaja Arsha तैरुपहतो जन्मप्रभृति प्रचुरविबद्धवातमूत्र पुरीष…………………प्रचुरपरिकर्तिकान्वितः, विष्टम्भान्त्रकूजोदावर्तहृदयेन्द्रियोपलेपः इत्युक्तानि सहजान्यर्शांसि||८|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana
14) |
|
4. |
Samprapti |
स विमार्गोऽनिलः कुर्यादाध्मानं मर्मपीडनम्| Adhmana साटोपमत्युग्ररुजमाध्मातमुदरं भृशम् | आध्मानमिति जानीयाद्घोरं
वातनिरोधजम् || 1/88|| Prati
Adhmana विमुक्तपार्श्वहृदयं तदेवामाशयोत्थितम् | प्रत्याध्मानं विजानीयात्
कफव्याकुलितानिलम् || 1/89|| |
यस्य वातः प्रकुपितः कुक्षिमाश्रित्य तिष्ठति| ३२|| Charaka Sutrasthana 18/32 आमं शकृद्वा निचितं क्रमेण भूयो विबद्धं विगुणानिलेन |प्रवर्तमानं न यथास्वमेनं विकारमानाहमुदाहरन्ति || Su. Uttara tantra
56-21 |
आटोपं सञ्चलनं आटोपः गुडगुडाशब्दः|| |
|
5. |
Upshaya |
Not mentioned because these are exclusive
gastrointestinal events which occur due to various pathologies, so the
upashaya must be understood as per specific pathology occurred. |
|||
6. |
Anupshaya |
स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमान … उदरमाध्मापयति (Charaka Sutra 26/43) |
स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुप युज्यमानः…शीतज्वरानाहास्य…… (Charaka Sutra 26) |
Not mentioned because it is a sign to various pathologies. |
|
7. |
In Hikka Shvasa उदावर्ते तथाऽऽध्माने
मातुलुङ्गाम्लवेतसैः| हिङ्गुपीलुबिडैश्चान्नं युक्तं स्यादनुलोमनम्||८७|| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 17) In Atisara दण्डकालसकाध्मानग्रहण्यर्शोगदांस्तथा| शोथपाण्ड्वामयप्लीहकुष्ठगुल्मोदरज्वरान्||१६|| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 19) In Avrita Vata मूत्राप्रवृत्तिराध्मानं बस्तौ मूत्रावृतेऽनिले||६९|| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa
Sthana 28) In
Arsha पुंस्त्वोपघातः श्वयथुर्गुदे वेगविनिग्रहः| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa
Sthana 14) In Grahani जीर्णे जीर्यति चाध्मानं भुक्ते स्वास्थ्यमुपैति च| (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa
Sthana 15) |
In Gulma शूलानाहविबन्धेषु गुल्मे वातकफोल्बणे| ३०|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 5) In Gulma सानाहं सविबन्धं च गुल्मं कठिनमुन्नतम् ||५१||दृष्ट्वाऽऽदौ स्वेदयेद्युक्त्या स्विन्नं च विलयेद्भिषक्|
(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 5) In Gulma गलग्रहं पूतिनस्यं मूर्च्छायमरुचिं ज्वरम्|गुल्मं प्लीहानमानाहं किलासं कृच्छ्रमूत्रताम्||२६|| (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 4) In Varcho Avrita Vata वर्चसोऽतिविबन्धोऽधः ………….भुक्ते चानह्यते नरः||७०||चिरात् पीडितमन्ने नदुःखं शुष्कं शकृत् सृजेत्|||७१|| ऽनिले|७२|(Charaka
Chikitsa 28) In Atisara गुदनिःसरणं शूलं मूत्रकृच्छ्रं प्रवाहिकाम्| १३३||(Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 14) |
In Vata Gulma प्लीहाटोपान्त्रकूजनाविपाकोदावर्ताङ्गमर्दमन्या शिरःशङ्खशूलब्रध्नरोगाश्चैनमुपद्रवन्ति (Charaka Nidana Sthana 3) |
||
8. |
As Pancha-karma |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
तन्द्रा सोत्क्लेश आनाहो ज्वरः स्तम्भो विसञ्ज्ञता|कुष्ठानि कण्डूः पाण्डुत्वं शोफार्शांस्यरुचिस्तृषा||७५|| ७६|| (Charaka Sutra 13) |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|||
As Vyapada of Vamana Virechana (Charaka Samhita Siddhi Sthana
6/58-60) In Nava Jwara अनुपस्थितदोषाणां वमनं तरुणेज्वरे| हृद्रोगं श्वासमानाहं
मोहं च जनयेद्भृशम्| (Charaka Chikitsa- 3) |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|||
Virechana |
ष्ठीवनं हृदयाशुद्धिरुत्क्लेशः श्लेष्मपित्तयोः| (Charaka Sutra 16) |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
||
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|||
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|||
|
|
(Ashta Mahadosha) रथक्षोभात् सन्धिपर्वशैथिल्यहनुनासाकर्णशिरःशूल तोदकुक्षिक्षोभाटोपान्त्रकूजनाध्मानहृदयेन्द्रियोपरोध- स्फिक्पार्श्ववङ्क्षणवृषणकटीपृष्ठवेदनासन्धिस्कन्धग्रीवा दौर्बल्याङ्गाभितापपादशोफप्रस्वापहर्षणादयः (Charaka Samhita
Siddhi Sthana 12/14) |
- |
|
|
9. |
As Arishta |
विरेचनहृतानाहो यस्तृष्णानुगतो
नरः| विरिक्तः पुनराध्माति
यथा प्रेतस्तथैव सः||१०|| (Charaka Samhita Indriya
Sthana 9) |
अंसाभितापो हिक्का
च छर्दनं शोणितस्य
च|आनाहः पार्श्वशूलं च
भवत्यन्ताय शोषिणः|| (Charaka Indriya Sthana
9/7) Arishta as a complication आनाहश्चातिसारश्च यमेतौ दुर्बलं नरम्|व्याधितं विशतो रोगौ दुर्लभं तस्य
जीवितम्||८|| (Charaka Indriya Sthana 6) आनाहश्चातितृष्णा च यमेतौ
दुर्बलं नरम्|विशतो
विजहत्येनं प्राणा नातिचिरान्नरम्||९|| (Charaka Indriya Sthana 6) |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
|
10. |
(Sushruta Chikitsa Sthana 4) |
Hingu dvirutara Churna Vachadi Churna (Charaka Chikitsa Sthana 26) |
Not mentioned being a sign. |
Conclusions
· Adhmana, Anaha and Atopa are the usual events which takes place in the gut lumen as a response to the changes in the entire GI Tract which may be due to dietary changes, diurnal disturbance or due to irritants, infectious cause or inflammatory changes.
· Adhmana, Anaha and Atopa are mentioned as symptoms and signs of Vyadhi across the Charaka Samhita. Their manifestation occurs through varied pathologies of different aetiologies and therefore a different kind of lakshana samprapti menifestation.
· Atopa is a physiology where sounds are produced in the GI tract by the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle cells of muscular layer of GI Tract this propel the content of the lumen towards the anal canal for its excretion.
· Adhmana should be taken as congestion in G.I tract mainly in extra luminal area of vascular bed of intestinal area. It may be associated with either Anaha or Atopa depending upon the types of pathology. It is closer to the description of Abdominal Distension.
· Anaha can be taken as a kind of a functional obstruction (Amaja Anaha) either because of decreased transit time or it can occur due to the mechanical obstruction like faecal impaction (Shakrutaja Anaha). There may be reactive Adhmana or Atopa as an accompanied event.
· Prati-adhmana is a gurgling sound produced by the stomach as the food passes through it. The term borborygmi mentioned is closer to Atopa or Prati-adhmana.
· These three classicals ayurveda terms seems very simple but these may be a tip of iceberg in varied deep routed pathologies thus appropriate care should be taken in management especially in chronicity.
In simplified manner we can conclude that acute 'Aadhman' is usually manifested either because of accumulated fecus with or without gaseous substances (Intraluminal pathologies) and generally this leads to reactive congestion in intestines. While chronic 'Aadhman' (Cardinal sign of Udar-rog) is caused by extraluminal pathologies like hepatic or pancreatic or splenich disorders etc. Both conditions may be accompanied with either 'Aanah' or 'Aatop' depending on the other etiological factors/ mechanisms.
Efforts have been made in above table to present the various classical extensive pathologies responsible for these three and management must be accordingly because of Involvement multiple Rogamarga, Doshas, Dushyas and Srotasa.
Presented by
Vd. Harshil Padhiyar
MD Final Year Scholar
P G Department of Kayachikitsa
Govt. Akhandanand Ayu. College,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
email- harshilpadhiyar72.hp@
Mob.- +91 7874598969
Guided by
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